Simplifying Square Roots
To simplify a square root: make the number inside the square root as small as possible (but still a
whole number):
Example: √12 is simpler as 2√3
Get your calculator and check if you want: they are both the same value!
Here is the rule: when a and b are not negative
And here is how to use it:
Example: simplify √12
12 is 4 times 3:
√12 = √(4 × 3)
Use the rule:
√(4 × 3) = √4 × √3
And the square root of 4 is 2:
√4 × √3 = 2√3
So √12 is simpler as 2√3
Another example:
Example: simplify √8
√8 = √(4×2) = √4 × √2 = 2√2
(Because the square root of 4 is 2)
And another:
Example: simplify √18
√18 = √(9 × 2) = √9 × √2 = 3√2
Example: simplify √6 × √15
First we can combine the two numbers:
√6 × √15 = √(6 × 15)
Then we factor them:
√(6 × 15) = √(2 × 3 × 3 × 5)
Then we see two 3s, and decide to "pull them out":
√(2 × 3 × 3 × 5) = √(3 × 3) × √(2 × 5) = 3√10
Fractions
There is a similar rule for fractions:
Example: simplify √30 / √10
First we can combine the two numbers:
√30 / √10 = √(30 / 10)
Then simplify:
√(30 / 10) = √3
Some Harder Examples
Example: simplify √20 × √5√2
See if you can follow the steps:
√20 × √5√2
√(2 × 2 × 5) × √5√2
√2 × √2 × √5 × √5√2
√2 × √5 × √5
√2 × 5
5√2
Example: simplify 2√12 + 9√3
First simplify 2√12:
2√12 = 2 × 2√3 = 4√3
Now both terms have √3, we can add them:
4√3 + 9√3 = (4+9)√3 = 13√3
Surds
Note: a root we
can't simplify further is called a
Surd. So √3 is a surd. But √4 = 2 is not a surd
